February 2023 – Jacksonville Blogger

Car Tags, Cheap Labor, Chain Gangs and an Inmate Cemetery.

According to Google’s question area, Florida inmates still make license tags. Their labor today is not so much “car tags, cheap labor and chain gangs” like it once could have been but prisoners still make tags that ride on the back of today’s autos. And upon their death, a tag is placed on their tombs. The prison system as we know it began after the Civil War somewhere about 1868, long before autos but the basic human behavior has stayed consistent. Man needs limits.

As Florida began to grow, workers were continually needed and the prison was a crowded place where businesses went to “lease laborers”. In 1877, Florida Governor George Drew and the first President of Jacksonville’s board of trade, ensured a leasing program whereby private businesses and industries could get the workers needed to move forward their workforce. To lease workers they would need to house them, feed and clothe them.

In 1911 the legislature began providing funds for establishing an actual prison farm which was completed in 1914. Prisoners were leased out to help build the new Florida growth. By 1915, prisoners grew crops on the prison farm, tended to animals and more. The prison was a working Florida farm. Men tended to harder labor and women to cooking, gardening and sewing.

According to Scott Winters’ article, “Do Prisoners Really Make License Plates?”, the answer is that about 80% of plates made in the U.S. are made by about eight prisons.

The Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles indicates that “its first motor vehicle registration certificate” was on August 1, 1905. With popular demand, over the years the department has “developed ways to regulate the motor vehicle industry”. From paper file to micro-film and now online

With the onset of the new automobile, a man from Jacksonville and also the 19th Governor of Florida, Napoleon Bonaparte Bowden signed new laws requiring residents to pay a $2. registration fee to register their vehicles. The first tag was made of leather and issued in 1906. Some people made homemade tags at the onset but by 1915 certified tags were required and by 1907 Florida had 132 automobiles registered.

In the 20th century it is said that the early prison system could be harsh and unreasonable to inmates so by 1923 reforms were made. In 1927 the Florida Department of Corrections built an auto tag plant thus giving inmates clear work schedules and ways to pay their debt to society. Over the years there have been continued reforms for inmates but making tags is still an option.

The PRIDE(Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversity Enterprises) program began in 1981 and a rehabilitative program for prisoners. For years, prisoners made license plates for PRIDE’s prison work program and they were sold to the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. Scott Winters of FGR radio, says when he was small “his parents would tell him that if he didn’t behave he’d end up having a life in prison making license plates”. I’m glad to see he must have paid attention being at a broadcasting business when his article was written.

In 2013 a program run by Prison Rehabilitative Industries and Diversity Enterprises ( PRIDE) continues to organize work efforts for inmates and tag making is one of the tasks. On their website it says: “PRIDE is a self-funded enterprise whose mission makes a positive difference in Florida. We make communities safer and save taxpayers money by training eligible inmates in vocational skills and transitioning them into the job market upon completion of their sentences. This job-centered approach lowers the number of repeat offenders and reduces criminal justice costs for all citizens.”

One of the few women inmates at Raiford Cemetery

When an inmate dies in the Union County prison, a tag is made for the tomb stone of the inmate. The cemetery is located on the grounds of the prison just down the road from the front gate to the prison. The tag is simple, has the name of the inmate, the inmate’s prison number and DOD (Date of death).

There are some former Jacksonville residents buried there such as Frank Johnson, Will Champion, Roy Dunwood, John Simmons, and Lloyd Odell Salter, to name a few; all convicted criminals. Donald Davidson died at Union Correctional Institution in Raiford this week. There is no word if a tag was made for his grave. If and when it will say “Donald Dillbeck, 068610, DOD-2-23-23 (DOD-date of death).

Tags that were detached from graves. Raiford

At the time of death, nothing matters but the relationship to one’s Maker. Of course, we hope rehabilitation for each person in the cemetery has taken place with God. May we all realize- “There go I save the grace of God”. Trust Him today.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

“Keep thee far from a false matter; and the innocent and righteous slay thou not: for I will not justify the wicked. Exodus 23:7”

“Thou shalt not kill.” Exodus 20:13

Sources: Bible, Florida Department of Corrections , Rob Goyanes, Wikipedia, dc.state.fl.us- Personal visit.

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February 25

I can neither confirm or deny the existence of the places discussed and photographed in the article

Top Secrets for Jacksonville’s Military

From watch towers and double gates to electric fences, and serious surveillance, the Yellow Water Weapons Storage area was real. From 1952 until the closing of the weapons area of the Yellow Water compound in October of 1993, this was a seriously hush-hush place out Normandy boulevard in Duval County, Florida.

The area was so top secret that when weapons were moved along roads, those in cars would be asked to stop, get out of their autos and look the other way, wrote a blogger on a chat link. Yellow Water Storage facilities were decommissioned officially in 1993. Before that time, it was so top-secret that special clearance was necessary to travel on North side of Cecil Field base but no one would confirm or deny as to why.

Yellow Water Bunker with grass and trees covering and 3 foot walls. The doors were stolen.

As of today, the Sheriff’s Department has “No Trespassing” signs along the old entry points. There is a walking and biking trail that can be taken, which along the way, some of the old cement storage buildings can be seen but they have little or no signage to indicate their purposes although the word “warning” appears from time to time. While many barricades are broken in areas, the old fencing is a reminder that visitors not allowed back there-even as late as 2023.

This area is monitored by the Jacksonville Sheriff’s Dept.

According to many who have worked onsite, there were nuclear weapons for aircraft carriers, F-18 bombers and P-3 Orion submarine hunters. The military has never confirmed or denied that this is true though. The closest this has been confirmed is by the updates of the repurposing of the area going forward. The epa.gov site says, “The official mission of NAS Cecil Field was to provide services for the operation and maintenance of naval weapons, aircrafts and other units of the operating forces.”

Anyone can go on the walking/riding trail out Normandy Blvd and see this storage area.

Back-in-the-day, Cecil Field was the largest land area for military acreage anywhere near Florida. Within miles, three military bases were ready to have use of the weapons should they be needed: Mayport, Naval Air Station Jacksonville and Cecil Field; all in and around Jacksonville, Florida area.

Per the Base Realignment and Closure Commission, Naval Air Station Cecil Field has been closed now since September 30 1999. The Naval Air Station has been repurposed and called Cecil Field Commerce but the weapons area across the street has been left abandoned although there has been some activity indicating of late as reports that new things are coming.

Twenty-four-seven motion detectors, double door metal enclosures and grass and trees growing atop igloo-shaped cement bunkers once disguised the whereabouts even now covered building from drones, planes or even balloon surveillance.

The inside of one of the many bunkers at the former Yellow Water Nuclear Storage Area

In years past, the compound had available, a firing range which is now under water and overgrown by trees, small bridges connecting one side of small tributaries to others, a huge swimming pool, larger than an Olympic sized pool and exercise equipment for those in the military to stay in shape. It also had its own fencing, water treatment plants, cisterns and large water tanks for fresh water.

Oversized swimming pool at the former Yellow Water Weapons Storage area.

The compound began in 1952 and had an official end day of October 1, 1993. It was abandoned by 1999 while Cecil Commerce Center began a new life of its own with businesses including air craft and continual use of flight towers. Military installations are still present on base as they continue to use some of the buildings such as Army Aviation Support Facility #1, and the Florida Army National Guard.

Alec P. Vaughan, Jr. who worked as a Civil Service Administrator in the 1970’s had occasion to go across to the weapons area with special clearance for that occasion only. He talked about riding a train while on the North side of Normandy Blvd. Those who know the property, say the tracks have been pulled up but indicate there once was a train system there at a back entrance way.

Former entrance to the Cecil Field Naval Air Base

Over the years, urban explorers have gone into the facilities, trashing them, spray painting walls and floors and leaving messages indicating they have been there. Bats, rodents, and wild life of almost every kind have taken over the once heavily guarded secret compound dedicated to keeping the Nation safe and ready to defend should there be a need during the Cold War.

Online, there are a variety of “Abandoned” videos and stories about the now defunct storage areas. Before seeing any of these current discoveries, Jacksonvillians did not even know the Yellow Water Weapons Area was across the street from the Cecil Field Naval Air Base all of these years.

Yes, I thought these were nuclear buttons. NO! Water tank operation system.

I purchased a set of “Leatherneck” magazines which in the 1983 edition mentions the Yellow Water surveillance, ammunition, bunkers and more so “Leatherneck” outed this unit back in the mid 1980’s.

Just like the Navy, I did not confirm or deny what the authors of this magazine wrote in that piece. I cannot confirm or deny what is written here even if I may have seen it with my own eyes.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Sources: Appreciation to all who assisted in this research and information, Leatherneck Magazine, Navy.mil, Googe, Call Box( Florida Times Union), AbandonedFl, epa.gov, personal experience.

I can neither confirm or deny the existence of the places discussed in the article.

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February 24

Trusting Jesus is the Better Decision Than the Method of Execution

The Florida Electric Chair and Other Methods

On May 1 1924, the Jacksonville Journal, former “Metropolis”, printed the first known picture of the first electric chair in Florida. It was on display at 10 Newnan Street, Jacksonville, Florida where both White and Black people dropped in to view and “discuss among themselves”.

Newnan Street, Jacksonville, Florida (Ramey Collection).

It is said to have been built by inmates of the Florida State Prison. According to Wikipedia, the “electric chair was the sole means of execution in Florida from 1924 until 2,000 when the Florida State Legislature, under pressure from the Supreme Court, signed lethal injection into law”. Because of sparks emitted by the chair when being used from time to time, it caused great controversy and was named “Sparky”. A new chair was put in use in 1998 but no one has been executed by the chair in Florida since 1999.

Jacksonville Journal, 1924 (Ramey Collection).

Funds for the first Florida State Prison Farm, as it was known, were provided by the Florida Legislature in 1911. The very earliest days of the prison system is sketchy but in 1877, lawbreakers were a part of a “convict leasing program” whereby corporations leased their services having to also “clothe, feed, house and provide medicare for the prisoner”.

After 1913, prisoners were housed at the often called “Raiford Prison”, located northwest of Jacksonville, Florida in a small town named Raiford. It became a place where prisoners were used to build bridges, field crops, dig ditches and more. Women inmates sewed, made clothing, gardened and cooked. The inmate leasing program ended in 1923.

On February 23, 2023, Donald Dillbeck, the convicted killer of a precious soul, Faye Vann was executed by lethal injection, although he could have chosen the electric chair. Lethal injection was passed by the courts in January of 2000, however the choice of that or the alternative of the electric chair at the execution chamber would be that of the inmate.

The last chair was built in 1998 was a three-legged chair made out of solid oak. Hangings, which waere the means for execution in early 1800’s have not been used since the April 18, 1927 where a “large crowd gathered.” In South Florida. Schools were closed for the day and it is said “onlookers stood on rooftops”. The gallows were built behind the jail in Volusia County. While the Florida State Legislature had changed the methods for executions after 1924, “ a surprising Florida Supreme Court ruling called for one last local hanging” according to the Daytona Beach News-Journal.”

The first inmate executed by chair was in 1924. This chair, that sat at 10 Newnan in Jacksonville was taken to Raiford and used for many years. There is quite of list of inmates who used that practice and others.

The most recent execution was that of Dillbeck who was the 100th prisoner executed since the death penalty was reinstate in Florida in the mid 1970’s. Governor Ron DeSantis signed the death warrant and though his attorneys tried to stop the execution, the Supreme Court declined the request. Dillbeck declined use of the electric chair which was one of his last decisions. In all sincerity, I hope he decided to trust Jesus, a decision we all must make. That would be the decision of true life or death.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

“Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life.” John 8:12

Sources: Wikipedia, dmarlin. com, Jacksonville Journal,

Category: Cemeteries, Government, History, Random Posts | LEAVE A COMMENT

February 23

French Explorer Made a Difference. You Can Too.

If you travel to Fort Caroline, near the mouth of the River, off the coast of Mayport, in Jacksonville, Florida, you can see the Fort Caroline monument “, Standing tall in the sand, it marks the spot on which Jean Ribault, became the first Protestant to set foot on American soil. The marker was unveiled “with appropriate ceremonies” by the Daughters of the American Revolution.

1924 Jacksonville Journal. Photo O’Brien E. Watt via Ramey Collection

That same week, there were festivities throughout the city of Jacksonville to celebrate this obviously exciting event. Gatherings and street parties were had with a “most brilliant close” to the placing of this historic monument according to the Jacksonville Journal. At the closing event held at the Mason Hotel Mason, Mrs. W. S. Jennings opened “with grace and charm”. The Honorable Mayor John T. Alsop of the city, expressed his “pleasure at having in Jacksonville a distinguished gather and welcomed the guest.” Also at the event was T. C. Imeson, chairman of the city commission, Dr. R. H Carswell, Mrs. Florence Murphy Cooley, and others. Mrs. James A. Craig thought it important to introduce her children and quoted Longfellow’s poem, “Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us footprints in the sands of time”.

I highly recommend that you take your families to see the monument and while you’re there remind them that they too can make a difference for Christ.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Sources: Kingsley Plantation, Mayport documents, Jacksonville Journal, Personal visit.

Category: Faith, History, Parks | LEAVE A COMMENT

February 20

The Moulton & Kyle Funeral Home Entry

It is unclear when this tile flooring was put down at the address of 17 W. Union in Jacksonville, Florida. It could have been when the building was built in 1914. The ground tile remains even today in 2023 after the 2021 demolition of the downtown property once, a two-story, approximately 9,000 square foot funeral parlor.

Entrance to old funeral home demolished 2021- Ramey Collection

Robert Peeples, Jr. owned the building and property which he bought in 1992. His current funeral home is located out North Main Street. Moulton- Kyle caught fire in January of 2021 and was removed shortly after. Hauled away also was a black 1967 hearse.

The building had been one of Jacksonville’s oldest which was once the funeral home business of Calvin Oak. It was later owned in 1909 by Harry S. Moulton and Samuel A. Kyle funeral home establishment .

Built in 1914- S. A. Kyle- Moulton & Kyle- Photo- Florida Memory

H. S. Moulton died on October 21, 1939. S. A. Kyle in 1969.

William F. Miller & Co did the tile work.

All that’s left of the once brick building is a line of brick bounding part of the old structure and the front entrance decorated tile floor. I wonder if the new builder will preserve it?

See you tomorrow,

Nan

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February 19

“Click” – John Gordon Spottswood, Photographers

The name “Spottswood” can be seen on the back side of a variety of old Jacksonville photographs dating back to 1915. John Gordon Spottswood Jr.(1890-1950), also known as “Jack” had a studio on West Adams Street in downtown Jacksonville according to a Florida Times Union article. His archives are plentiful. When he died, his son J. Gordon Spottswood III(1924-2009) would take over adding even more photographs to the thousands taken.

Spottswood Photo Business on West Ashley- Florida Memory

Just in looking at the John Gordon Spottswood (Jack-1890-1950) collection there is great variety from Ariel photographs of hundreds of views of Duval County to the complex including trial images and the simple such as a Black boy leaning on a fence. John Gordon Spottswood took hundreds and even thousands of photographs in and around the Jacksonville area. His son would follow in his footsteps adding even more to the Spottswood collection which can be viewed on the Florida Memory archives site.

Spottswood Collection, 1900- Florida State Archives

J. Gordon Spottswood III,(1924-2009) according to Legacy. com, was a lifetime member of the Professional Photographer Society of North Florida. Spottswood, was a well-known Jacksonville photographer including forensics. In the Florida Times article it mentions he and his wife Judy photographing crime scenes where Spottswood III would testify in cases.

Mailerfert Trial, Jacksonville, Spottswood- Florida Memory

The Spottswood collection can be found in the State Library and Archives of Florida and is said to include over 52,000 images including 50,000 negatives dating back from 1916-1967 according to writer, Jessie-Lynne Kerr. The Spottswood photographer founder of the business was born in Waycross, Georgia on September 1890 and died on April 18, 1950. His photography business was located in downtown Jacksonville where his son John Gordon Spottswood III would take over continuing history by documenting it in film.

Spottswood III attended Bolles school at a time that it was an all-boys military school. After graduating in 1943, he enrolled in the Navy “during World War II where he was in charge of a photography lab in Jacksonville”.

Spottswood at Bolles School-Spottswood Collection- Fl Memory

Over the years he was involved in a variety of organizations including the Ponde Vedra Golf and Country Club, and the Florida State Bowling Association.Spottswood was a member of Baymeadows Baptist Church where his funeral service was held.

John Gordon Spottswood, Sr.(1850-1923), John Gordon Spottswood Jr.(Jack) (1890-1950) and John Gordon Spottswood III(1924-2009) are all buried at Evergreen Cemetery.

Spottswood Collection- Florida State Archives

Make a difference today everyone. The Spottswood family did.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Oh, Interesting to me, there are no photographs of the founder of Spottswood Photography…. Why?

Sources: Florida Times Union, Jessie-Lynne Kerr, Legacy.com, Evergreen Cemetery, Find a Grave.

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February 11

First Woman Funeral Business Owner, First Black Funeral Director, First Hearse(Well Second)

Jacksonville celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2022. The beginning of the city was documented as being platted in 1822 only a year following Spain releasing Florida to the United States. The Sesquicentennial booklet of 1972 indicates there were “ fully 250 people up and down the river in 1821”. They were called “Inhabitants of the St. Johns”. The land of Cowford, on the Northside where Jacksonville was to grow was owned by Lewis Z. Hogans, John Brady and Isaiah D. Hart.

A town was laid out at the insistence of Isaiah David Hart. “They came by covered wagon and boxcar, bumping along the Kings Road from Georgia, filtering down from the Carolinas and Virginia. They came too by sailboat or sloop, or simply in a jammed-packed canoe” writes the author of the booklet.

With 250 people along the St Johns River, there was a need for caring for the lost, dying and the dead. That ’s where the hearse was established. The hearse would carry the dead through the stages of loss to their resting place. The word hearse is a “middle English word and became associated with a horse and carriage transporting the deceased”. Early on, the horse-drawn carriage was used to carry the sick and the dead from place to place. Doctors traveled with a flat-back buckboard used to carry patients and people when needed. Over time, it was customised to meet the need and eventually was specific to funeral home use.

The Florida Morticians Association indicates that the first Black-owned funeral director and home in Jacksonville was run by Japhus M. Baker in 1895. It was located at 767 W. Beaver Street in Jacksonville according to reports. Wyatt Geter, his nephew was born in 1883, is said to have become the first Black man to become a licensed undertaker. His home was at 441 Beaver Street was occupied by his wife, Alice, Mother, Fannie Presley and brother Frank. Geter is listed in the 1940 census as being 83.

Wooden pews were used in many of the early funeral homes. Hillman-Pratt Walton Funeral home where one of the first Black licensed funeral directors once served still has those pews according to Anthony Walton who runs the business. It began in 1900 and has the original curtains and Bible from the days of Pratt. Pratt, according to Walton built his own caskets and had a factory on the 2nd floor of the funeral home. The Pratt family, according to Florida Memory, also lived on the 2nd floor. According to the Daily Record the business began in 1900 by Pratt and “operated in the 400 block Broad Street until moving into the building at 527 W. Beaver street in 1915” . It closed in 2019. The new owner, Eric Adler wishes to preserve the history. Pratt is also the founder of the Florida Negro Embalmers and Mortician’s Association Dan McDonald reported.

Early on, Jacksonvillians used wagons of sorts for carrying the deceased. By 1909, H. D. Ludlow of Chicago was credited as having used a “rebooted Cunningham horse-drawn hearse body remounted on a Thomas bus chassis by Coey’s Livery Company” for an actual funeral procession; the first of its kind. There is believed to be the birth of the funeral carriage.

According to the Begg’s Museum in Madison, Florida, Jacksonville’s Samuel Allen Kyle of Moulton- Kyle Funeral Home, a Jacksonville undertaker ordered, along with T. J. Beggs, Sr. the first two Dodge hearses in Florida. The first one was delivered by train to Beggs in Madison, Florida distinguishing him as the “first” to own a motorized Hearst in Florida. S.A. Kyle’s motorized hearse was delivered to Jacksonville second being the first in Jacksonville but the second in Florida. The Begg’s hearse has been remodelled and is on the floor in their museums. Seeing it, we can get an idea of what was used in our city by S. A. Kyle Funeral Home in 1919.

Beggs Hearse ordered along with one by S. A. Kyle of Jacksonville, Fl-Photo-Beggs Museum

Looking back at the first funeral homes in Jacksonville, one is documented to 1851, when Calvin Oak, known as a “gunsmith, funeral director and watchmaker” moved his family from Vermont to Jacksonville for health reasons. He would live some 30 years building several businesses in the city including a gun factory which manufactured barrels, cartridges and all things related to guns. He owned and operated a jewellery store on Bay Street. In 1856, he and his son Byron Edgar, opened a funeral home business which was eventually was owned by Harry S. Moulton and S. A. Kyle and of the Moulton and Kyle Funeral Services. Calvin’s son, Byron and brother would continue with his businesses even adding tomb stones being a “marble cutter” at 25 Laura Street by 1870. Oak who died July 26, 1881 and was carried by horse and wagon to the Old Cemetery for burial. Byron died October 28, 1889 and was buried in Evergreen Cemetery.

Oak family-Mortuary and Stone business-Florida Memory

The Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission documents a sketch of the early design of the Moulton-Kyle funeral home. It was located west of Main Street and on the north side of Union Street.The 1914 drawing by architects Earl Mark and Leroy Sheftall would come to fruition over time. In 1976, the First Baptist of Jacksonville, Florida would have a block-size parking lot built across from it.

Entrance of the funeral home- Video grab- Channel 4

Over the years there were several owners until it closed in A brick garage was added in 1926. Harry Moulton died in 1936. The business fell to different businesses and finally closed in the 1960’s. It fell into disrepair and burned in 2022. The most recent owner of the building was Peeples Funeral Services, J. Robert Peeples, President, now operating a funeral home on Main Street of Jacksonville. A 1976 hearse was said to have been removed.

Moulton-Kyle hearse removed 2021- Credit-AbandonedFl S.E.

Moulton- Kyle Funeral Home: Library of Congress

Moulton & Kyle Funeral Record- AbandonedFl-SE

An interesting document found by “Abandoned Southeast”, an urban explorer in the defunct Moulton-Kyle funeral home was the information for the wife of William W. Adams who died on March 2 1914. It seems her body was prepared and she was shipped or sent by train to her hometown in Steuben County, New York. Her husband, William W. Adams would also be buried in NY beside her in 1931.

Both William and his wife Francis were buried in NY.

In 2009, Navy pilot Scott Speicher and graduate of Forrest High School and FSU was stationed at Cecil Field in Jacksonville, Fl. when he was the first American commit casualty of the Persian war. His plane was shot down in Iraq and when his remains were found 18 years was later met with crowds of people lining the streets to welcome him home in a bittersweet tribute.

Nancy Scott Speicher carried in closed hearse with Navy Seal on side-(US. Military Photo-Chief Specialist A. C Casullo)

Jacksonville Memory Gardens now has a fleet of hearses . Ramey

In February 2019, the following was posted about Sarah L. Carter with Sarah L. Carter Funeral Home: “Ms. Carter is the first African American woman in the state of Florida to open a funeral home from start-up and has marked her 17th year in the business as an independent owner.” Ms. Carter has a degree in Mortuary Science and a bachelor’s in Biblical studies.

Photo Credit: Sarah L. Carter Funeral Service website

Sarah L. Carter Funeral Home- New Kings Road

Sarah. L. Carter Funeral Home Fleet of hearses

Different hearses are used by various funeral homes. The services for police officer Jimmy Judge was honoured in 2023.

There are those who provide horse and buggy services even today. When I went to give my support and regards to the family of Queen Elizabeth II, a horse and carriage carried her to a hearse where she was taken to Windsor Castle to be buried. “God Save The Queen” was sung by her people as the coffin rode past. It was quite moving.

Queen Elizabeth II honors in London-2022- Photo:Ramey

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Category: Buildings, Cemeteries, History | Comments Off

February 10

Jacksonville Sheriff’s Mounted Unit

The Spanish conquistadors brought European horses to North America so we know that by the time Jacksonville, formerly called “Cowford” was established. Horses were a mainstay. With great grasslands, and water sources, horses were in fields for growth and expansion as they adapted to their surroundings.

The city of Jacksonville police used horses dating back to 1822 when the first sheriff was James Dell. When you think about the 1869 headquarters for McMurray Livery Sale & Transfer Company at 220 East Forsyth Street, you can imagine that horses were of importance in the early years of the sheriff’s department . After the Great fire in 1901, another stable was built at that location and had a thriving horse business.

Livery Stable on Forsyth Street (Ramey Collection)

Little is known of the policing efforts during this period but Jacksonville was getting well established by 1832 including setting up the government which included law and order. By 1845, “all free males were to participate in evening patrol duty” so there had to be some mischief going on for so many to be asked to “participate”.

When the Civil War began, policing was done by the soldiers and so from about 1865-1869 patroling was under martial law which does not take away from the fact that mounted horses were used during this time by Union forces. The automobile would not come to Duval County until the first month of 1900.

Florida Mounted Police ( Florida Memory photo).

By 1888 James Hoey was serving as Chief of Police. The mode of transportation was horse, carriage and paddy wagon. The bicycle was gaining popularity at that time but could people afford them? The first bicycle squad for the Jacksonville police was in 1897.

Florida Memory of a mounted police protecting Pres. McKinley.

In 1895 the first patrol wagon was used with 2 horses pulling. Also prominent during this time was the trolley and streetcars that ran on tracks throughout Jacksonville, Fl. Early trolleys and street cars were pulled by horses. Over time horses were replaced by motorized cars .

The first car to come to Jacksonville was on January 4, 1900. The Locomobile Stanley No.2 was purchased by Charles A. Clark. It could travel 40 mph and had a steam-motor. It would take time for citizens to grasp the enormity of owning a car and also to pay for it thus the horse, buggy and on occasion the bicycle was still prominent. The Sheriff’s department was still using horses.

With the car gaining popularity, the police department of Jacksonville established a “traffic squad” for downtown streets in 1919. The department was growing and by 1926 the Liberty Street Police building was completed. The automobile was replacing horse details and the change from mounted police and wagons to automobiles came after 1900 when Charles A. Clark, from Jacksonville ordered and had delivered the first car to arrive in Florida.

Charles A. Clark with the first car in Florida. (Florida Memory photo).

The automobile would prompt changes in laws and ordinances and by 1903 the speed limit was 6 mph. There were 32 cars in town at this time. By 1905 there were a total of 166 cars autos traveling the dirt roads and some gravel streets of Duval. The population in Jacksonville was 28,429 at this time so transportation by and large was by horse and carriage. Jacksonville was the largest city in Florida at this time. Financially, a horse was more cost-effective also.

In 1911 there were approximately 1,120 cars in the city. That year the police department acquired its first car. Mounted police were still in use for the department. Also, a “traffic squad” for downtown was established with the first traffic lights being installed in 1924.The horse would be less used as time went forward and the auto industry increased.

There is little mention of the mounted police for Jacksonville but there are references that indicate the use of the horse which was disbanded in 1911 to make way for the newer transportation options such as trolleys, streetcars, bicycles, motorcycles and the automobile.

Florida East Coast transportation.( Florida Memory).

The mounted police would return to Jacksonville in 1942 with little mention. In 1982 horses were used for crowd control, crime prevention and community engagement. In 2012 there were 5 horses on the Mounted Police squad. Mayor Alvin Brown’s administration cut the budget for the program leaving the canine unit in place. Horses were taken from the West Duval Street location in LaVilla and moved to the Lannie Road prison yard also known as the Montgomery correctional Center and prison farm where there were acres of grass and room to live easy. They were tended to by staff and inmates and received visits from their former riders.

At Super Bowl XXXIX, which was held in Jacksonville February 6, 2005 at Alltell Stadium the mounted police were used.

In January 2020 Duke, the newest addition graduated from his training program. All of the police horses receive training and the riders work with the horses for continued focus.

In 2022, when the Governor of Florida visited the Diamond D ranch, the mounted police were there more for a community service effort than for patrol. However, should there be a concern, they were all ready to do their duty and provide security. Guests were able to see their presence, and pet the horses.

Funding again was provided for the unit in 2021. There are 6 horses in the current unit: Bandit, Midnight, Duke, Dutch, Jaxx and Judge. Judge completed his training this year and was named in honor of Jimmy Judge a former police officer. Judge and his rider were at his memorial held for Officer Jimmy Judge in January of 2023.

Tribute to Jimmy Judge (JSO Facebook page photo-2021)

Judge” is named after 30-year police veteran, Assistant Chief Jimmy Judge, who is currently battling ALS or more commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s Disease. Judge and his handler attended Office Judge’s home-going event in 2023.

Please help us in welcoming our newest member to the team. We hope you will say “hi” to “Judge” when you see him out and about in #Jacksonville.(JSO Facebook page-2021)

Current officers in the unit: Sergeant B. Rhoden, Officer J. Alexander, Officer M. Bergo, Officer T. Dudley, Officer M. Reddish.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Jacksonville Sheriff’s Mounted Unit

1076 West Duval Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32204

Sources: James B. Crooks, Cowart, 1976 Annual Report: Dale Carson, J. Bailey, Mounted Police visit.2-10-2023. Feel free to use all information with credit to “Ramey Collection”.

Category: Animals, Government, Transportation | Comments Off

February 7

The Value of a Jacob’s Jeweler’s Coin

The 1890 Store Jacob’s Jewelers Closed the last day of January 2023.

On the day following the closure of Jacob’s Jewelers, a store that has been in Jacksonville since 1890, I received from a person I did not even know, a bronze-looking “Jacob’s” token. On the front, it has an engraved diamond symbol with the words, “Jacobs” at the top and at the bottom in circular fashion, “Fine Jewelers since 1890”. On the back it has the logo and words, “Member of the Fine Jewelers Guild” and in circular fashion, “Redeemable against any purchase of over $100* Twenty Five Dollars”. So, my new friend, who sent this, gave me a token now worth far more than $25 since it now is certainly a collector’s item. Thank you new friend, Sandra J. D.

I had been online reviewing items people collect in Jacksonville and a person posted that she had some coins and willing to give them to interested people. People can be nice. She mailed one to me free of charge and I even asked to pay. When she wrote “No need to pay me, I’d rather see them go to someone whom likes these, I promised to “pay it forward” and I will.

The envelope was sent with her name at top on the left and the coin tucked into a nice plastic, clear-faced coin container. Grateful. At the moment it sits prominently in my den so I can see it.

I visited Jacobs Jewelers last month after learning they were relocating and talked with Roy and Delores Thomas who bought Jacobs Jewelers in 1968. The building where Jacobs Jewelers is located at the corner of Laura and Adams is where our now-famed Jacksonville clock sits. The Greenleaf Building was bought by JWB Real Estate. Apparently, the old clock which had once sat at the old Jacob’s Bay Street location would remain a Jacksonville landmark and icon since the Thomases donated it to the city some years ago. It is a 15 foot tall Seth Thomas clock and supposedly only one of the two left in the world. It is iconic in that people still “meet at the clock” and taken photos at that Laura and Adams location. That’s a story for another day.

The Thomases initial thought was they would relocate Jacobs Jewelers but as time went on, they changed their thinking and decided to “retire”. I think that both with beautiful grey hair, will find that their kids and grandkids will probably love the time they will be able to spend with them. The current signs in the windows say “Retirement Sale”. They moved the “Moving Sale” signs after their wrestling with moving the location vs retiring to a new life after over fifty-five years.

Looking from the outside of the store, it’s difficult to see if the business is open. It’s dark-looking going in but when inside, the beauty of the merchandise was stunningly brilliant. There was in all of the glass cases beautiful jewerly of every kind including, watches, rings, bracelets and throughout the store their were other items on shelves and tucked in corners and cabinets. I went during the Christmas season and found it full of seasonal decorations including at least 2 Christmas trees.

The 132 year old store has had a great run in Jacksonville. There are a lot of different stories telling of it’s great beginning on Bay Street and now it comes to a close leaving the 208 N. Laura Street address at the corner of Adams Street.

It will be missed as will Roy and Deloris Thomas but they will be cashing in their tokens for full value in a new life.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Category: Buildings, History, People | LEAVE A COMMENT

February 5

The Chinese Spy Balloon Could Have Drifted To Jacksonville!

When the, what was thought and was, a Chinese balloon, drifted across the United States beginning sometime about January 28th, 2023, the trajectory was unclear. By Wednesday of the next week, we thought it could come Jacksonville way. The Weather Authority trajectory indicated it would go across the Carolina’s which was a little above Duval County but who knew?

The powers that be decided not to shoot it down over civilian spaces so they waited for it to travel over the Atlantic Ocean. The huge weather-type balloon, they say the size of three busses began being noticed somewhere in Alaska. NORAD, the North American Aerospace Defence Command, Brigadier General Pat Ryder said on Thursday, February 2, 2023, “The United States government has detected and is tracking a high-attitude surveillance balloon that is flying over the continental United States”.

They indicated it was not a “military or physical threat to people on the ground at this time” according to General Glen VanHerck.

According to ABC News, a correspondent said the balloon was the size of “three busses and complete with a technology bay”. It seemed to be without power when looking at it on television newscasts and seemed to drift with the jet stream moving eastward. I thought it was possibly coming our way. Who knew?

The balloon was said to enter the United States airspace in Alaska near the Aleutian Islands news reports posted. As it floated eastward, and the Weather Channel posted a possible trajectory, I thought we may have a balloon in our sky in the coming days.

Chase Doak Photograph of Chinese Balloon

On Wednesday, February 1st, a freelance Montana photographer Chase Doak photographed the balloon and his photo went viral and is now used on Wikipedia. ( That had to be exciting for him). He was a freelance photographer at the right place, at the right time and just did his thing….

Chase Doak Profile-Linked In

Tomorrow I’ll post a basic timeline of the event and no, the balloon did not come across Jacksonville way or to Jacksonville Beach . It ended up in the Atlantic Ocean though, up the way near Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It was shot down on Saturday, February 4th by a F22 Raptor fighter jet. The United States Military began recovery following that event.

It did not come here but, it was still too close for comfort.

See you tomorrow,

Nan

Sources: ABC News, NOAA, RORAD, The Pentagon, Helen Cooper, Pentagon correspondent, Edward Wong, correspondent, Breitbart, Google, Personal viewing of news reports…

Category: Government, Military, Random Posts, Travel | Comments Off